Extended Bibliography: |
Show bibliography
Ref #: |
95509 |
Author(s): |
Majewski,J.;Zawadzki,P.;Pickerill,P.;Cohan,F.M.;Dowson,C.G. |
Journal: |
J Bacteriol |
Title: |
Barriers to genetic exchange between bacterial species: Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation |
Volume: |
182 |
Page(s): |
1016-23 |
Year: |
2000 |
Keyword(s): |
GENBANK/AF194507
GENBANK/AF194508
GENBANK/AF194509
GENBANK/AF194510
GENBANK/AF194511
GENBANK/AF194512
GENBANK/AF194513
GENBANK/AF194514
GENBANK/AF194515
GENBANK/AF194516
GENBANK/AF194517
GENBANK/AF194518
GENBANK/AF194519
GENBANK/AF194520
GENBANK/AF194521
GENBANK/AF194522
GENBANK/AF194523
GENBANK/AF194524
GENBANK/AF194525
GENBANK/AF194526
GENBANK/AF194527
GENBANK/AF194528
Base Pair Mismatch/*genetics
DNA Repair/*genetics
DNA, Bacterial/genetics
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
Recombination, Genetic
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Streptococcus/genetics
Streptococcus pneumoniae/*genetics/growth & development
*Transformation, Bacterial
|
Remarks: |
Interspecies genetic exchange is an important evolutionary mechanism in bacteria. It allows rapid acquisition of novel functions by transmission of adaptive genes between related species. However, the frequency of homologous recombination between bacterial species decreases sharply with the extent of DNA sequence divergence between the donor and the recipient. In Bacillus and Escherichia, this sexual isolation has been shown to be an exponential function of sequence divergence. Here we demonstrate that sexual isolation in transformation between Streptococcus pneumoniae recipient strains and donor DNA from related strains and species follows the described exponential relationship. We show that the Hex mismatch repair system poses a significant barrier to recombination over the entire range of sequence divergence (0.6 to 27%) investigated. Although mismatch repair becomes partially saturated, it is responsible for 34% of the observed sexual isolation. This is greater than the role of mismatch repair in Bacillus but less than that in Escherichia. The remaining non-Hex-mediated barrier to recombination can be provided by a variety of mechanisms. We discuss the possible additional mechanisms of sexual isolation, in view of earlier findings from Bacillus, Escherichia, and Streptococcus. |
URL: |
10648528 |
|
Ref #: |
82754 |
Author(s): |
Jacobs,J.A.;Schot,C.S.;Schouls,L.M. |
Journal: |
J Med Microbiol |
Title: |
Haemolytic activity of the Streptococcus milleri group' and relationship between haemolysis restricted to human red blood cells and pathogenicity in S. intermedius |
Volume: |
49 |
Page(s): |
55-62 |
Year: |
2000 |
Keyword(s): |
Animals
Cattle
Female
Genotype
*Hemolysis
Horses
Humans
Male
Phenotype
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics
Rabbits
Sheep
Species Specificity
Streptococcus/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity
Swine
Variation (Genetics)
|
Remarks: |
A collection of 297 clinically documented 'Streptococcus milleri' strains, identified to the genotype level by 16S rRNA gene hydridisation, was screened for haemolysis of human and animal red blood cells. Forty-nine strains (65%) of the S. intermedius genotype displayed haemolysis restricted to human blood; they were named 'exclusive human haemolytic' (EHH) S. intermedius strains. The 26 remaining S. intermedius strains were named S. intermedius non-EHH strains. Quantitative studies on the haemolysis indicated that intermedilysin was the factor involved. The S. intermedius EHH strains represented the S. intermedius phenotype, whereas the S. intermedius non-EHH strains were phenotypically characteristic of S. constellatus. The complete 16S rRNA sequences of the S. intermedius EHH strains exhibited identity with S. intermedius strains ATCC 27335 (= NCDO 2227, NCTC 11324); the 16S rRNA sequences of the S. intermedius non-EHH strains were identical to S. constellatus strain ATCC 27823 (= NCDO 2226, NCTC 11325) except for positions 228 and 229 that carried an S. intermedius sequence signature. The 16S sequence similarities between the non-EHH strains and the S. constellatus and the S. intermedius type strains were 99.5% and 98.6%, respectively. Hybridisations of the complete 16S rRNA genes with oligonucleotide probes indicated a 16S rRNA homogeneity within the S. intermedius EHH and the non-EHH strains respectively. The S. intermedius EHH strains were isolated most frequently from infection- and abscess-related specimens. The present data emphasise the genetic variability within the S. constellatus species and redefine the S. intermedius species as a homogeneous group at the 16S rRNA level. |
URL: |
10628826 |
|
Ref #: |
82396 |
Author(s): |
Bentley,R.W.;Leigh,J.A.;Collins,M.D. |
Journal: |
Int J Syst Bacteriol |
Title: |
Intrageneric structure of Streptococcus based on comparative analysis of small-subunit rRNA sequences |
Volume: |
41 |
Page(s): |
487-94 |
Year: |
1992 |
Keyword(s): |
GENBANK/S70322
GENBANK/S70323
GENBANK/S70324
GENBANK/X58301
GENBANK/X58302
GENBANK/X58303
GENBANK/X58304
GENBANK/X58305
GENBANK/X58306
GENBANK/X58307
GENBANK/X58308
GENBANK/X58309
GENBANK/X58310
GENBANK/X58311
GENBANK/X58312
GENBANK/X58313
GENBANK/X58314
GENBANK/X58315
GENBANK/X58316
GENBANK/X58317
GENBANK/X58318
GENBANK/X58319
GENBANK/X58320
GENBANK/X58321
GENBANK/X59028
GENBANK/X59029
GENBANK/X59030
GENBANK/X59031
GENBANK/X59032
GENBANK/X59061
etc.
Base Sequence
DNA, Bacterial
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
RNA, Bacterial/genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Streptococcus/classification/*genetics
|
Remarks: |
The partial 16S rRNA sequences of 24 Streptococcus species were determined by reverse transcription. A comparative analysis of these sequences and the sequences of seven previously studied streptococcal species revealed the presence of several clusters within the genus. The clusters obtained from the sequence analysis agreed in general with the groups outlined on the basis of the results of nucleic acid hybridization studies, but there were some exceptions. The pyogenic group was extended to include Streptococcus agalactiae, S. parauberis, S. porcinus, and S. uberis. Four oral groups were discerned; these four groups centered on S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. anginosus, and S. oralis. Some species (e.g., S. suis and S. acidominimus) did not cluster with any particular group. Our findings are discussed in the context of data from other genetic and chemotaxonomic studies. |
URL: |
1720654 |
|
Ref #: |
95486 |
Author(s): |
Jacobs,J.A.;Schot,C.S.;Bunschoten,A.E.;Schouls,L.M. |
Journal: |
J Clin Microbiol |
Title: |
Rapid species identification of "Streptococcus milleri" strains by line blot hybridization: identification of a distinct 16S rRNA population closely related to Streptococcus constellatus |
Volume: |
34 |
Page(s): |
1717-21 |
Year: |
1996 |
Keyword(s): |
GENBANK/Z69037
GENBANK/Z69038
GENBANK/Z69040
GENBANK/Z69041
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Base Sequence
DNA Probes/genetics
Genes, Bacterial
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Phenotype
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Bacterial/*genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
Species Specificity
Streptococcus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
|
Remarks: |
A collection of 399 "Streptococcus milleri" strains were identified to the species level by the use of a line blot assay. Their PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were hybridized with species-specific 5'-biotinylated oligonucleotide probes homologous to the bp 213 to 231 regions of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains Streptococcus anginosus ATCC 33397, Streptococcus constellatus ATCC 27823, and Streptococcus intermedius ATCC 27335. The hybridization results were compared with the reference phenotypic identification method data (R. A. Whiley, H. Fraser, J. M. Hardie, and D. Beighton, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1497-1501, 1990). Most strains (357 of 399 [89.5%]) reacted unambiguously with only one probe. However, 42 of the 399 strains (10.5%) reacted with both the S. constellatus- and S. intermedius-specific probes; 41 of them were phenotypically identified as S. constellatus. These dually reactive strains hybridized with a 5'-biotinylated probe based on the bp 213 to 231 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of one of two species. Analysis of the 5' ends of the 16S rRNA gene sequences (487 bp) demonstrated that the dually reactive strains represent a distinct rRNA population sharing 98.1% sequence similarity with S. constellatus. Phenotypic consistency between the dually reactive strains and the S. constellatus strains was not demonstrated. Line blot hybridization proved to be a simple and inexpensive method to screen large numbers of strains for genetic relatedness, and it allowed the detection of a distinct 16S rRNA type within the "S. milleri" group. |
URL: |
8784576 |
|
Ref #: |
82554 |
Author(s): |
Chen,C.C.;Teng,L.J.;Chang,T.C. |
Journal: |
J Clin Microbiol |
Title: |
Identification of clinically relevant viridans group streptococci by sequence analysis of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer region |
Volume: |
42 |
Page(s): |
2651-7 |
Year: |
2004 |
Keyword(s): |
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/*chemistry
Humans
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Viridans Streptococci/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
|
Remarks: |
The feasibility of sequence analysis of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer (ITS) for the identification of clinically relevant viridans group streptococci (VS) was evaluated. The ITS regions of 29 reference strains (11 species) of VS were amplified by PCR and sequenced. These 11 species were Streptococcus anginosus, S. constellatus, S. gordonii, S. intermedius, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. oralis, S. parasanguinis, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, and S. uberis. The ITS lengths (246 to 391 bp) and sequences were highly conserved among strains within a species. The intraspecies similarity scores for the ITS sequences ranged from 0.98 to 1.0, except for the score for S. gordonii strains. The interspecies similarity scores for the ITS sequences varied from 0.31 to 0.93. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS regions revealed that evolution of the regions of some species of VS is not parallel to that of the 16S rRNA genes. One hundred six clinical isolates of VS were identified by the Rapid ID 32 STREP system (bioMerieux Vitek, Marcy l'Etoile, France) and by ITS sequencing, and the level of disagreement between the two methods was 18% (19 isolates). Most isolates producing discrepant results could be unambiguously assigned to a specific species by their ITS sequences. The accuracy of using ITS sequencing for identification of VS was verified by 16S rDNA sequencing for all strains except strains of S. oralis and S. mitis, which were difficult to differentiate by their 16S rDNA sequences. In conclusion, identification of species of VS by ITS sequencing is reliable and could be used as an alternative accurate method for identification of VS. |
URL: |
15184447 |
|
Ref #: |
13410 |
Author(s): |
Jacobs,J.A.;Schot,C.S.;Bunschoten,A.E.;Schouls,L.M. |
Journal: |
J Clin Microbiol |
Title: |
Rapid species identification of "Streptococcus milleri" strains by line blot hybridization: identification of a distinct 16S rRNA population closely related to Streptococcus constellatus |
Volume: |
34 |
Page(s): |
1717-21 |
Year: |
1996 |
Keyword(s): |
GENBANK/Z69037
GENBANK/Z69038
GENBANK/Z69040
GENBANK/Z69041
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Base Sequence
Comparative Study
DNA Probes/genetics
Genes, Bacterial
Human
Molecular Sequence Data
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Phenotype
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Bacterial/*genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
Species Specificity
Streptococcus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
|
Remarks: |
A collection of 399 "Streptococcus milleri" strains were identified to the species level by the use of a line blot assay. Their PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were hybridized with species-specific 5'-biotinylated oligonucleotide probes homologous to the bp 213 to 231 regions of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains Streptococcus anginosus ATCC 33397, Streptococcus constellatus ATCC 27823, and Streptococcus intermedius ATCC 27335. The hybridization results were compared with the reference phenotypic identification method data (R. A. Whiley, H. Fraser, J. M. Hardie, and D. Beighton, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1497-1501, 1990). Most strains (357 of 399 [89.5%]) reacted unambiguously with only one probe. However, 42 of the 399 strains (10.5%) reacted with both the S. constellatus- and S. intermedius-specific probes; 41 of them were phenotypically identified as S. constellatus. These dually reactive strains hybridized with a 5'-biotinylated probe based on the bp 213 to 231 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of one of two species. Analysis of the 5' ends of the 16S rRNA gene sequences (487 bp) demonstrated that the dually reactive strains represent a distinct rRNA population sharing 98.1% sequence similarity with S. constellatus. Phenotypic consistency between the dually reactive strains and the S. constellatus strains was not demonstrated. Line blot hybridization proved to be a simple and inexpensive method to screen large numbers of strains for genetic relatedness, and it allowed the detection of a distinct 16S rRNA type within the "S. milleri" group. |
URL: |
96379013 |
|
Ref #: |
13687 |
Author(s): |
Greisen,K.;Loeffelholz,M.;Purohit,A.;Leong,D. |
Journal: |
J Clin Microbiol |
Title: |
PCR primers and probes for the 16S rRNA gene of most species of pathogenic |
Volume: |
32 |
Page(s): |
335-351 |
Year: |
1994 |
Keyword(s): |
0 (DNA Primers)
0 (DNA Probes)
0 (RNA, Bacterial)
0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
Bacteremia/diagnosis/microbiology
Bacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/microbiology
Base Sequence
Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology
DNA Primers/genetics
DNA Probes/genetics
Genes, Bacterial
Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics
Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics
Human
Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis/microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
*Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data
RNA, Bacterial/*genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Species Specificity
|
Remarks: |
A set of broad-range PCR primers for the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria were |
URL: |
94201356 |
|
Ref #: |
13390 |
Author(s): |
Jacobs,J.A.;Schot,C.S.;Schouls,L.M. |
Journal: |
J Med Microbiol |
Title: |
Haemolytic activity of the Streptococcus milleri group' and relationship between haemolysis restricted to human red blood cells and pathogenicity in S. intermedius |
Volume: |
49 |
Page(s): |
55-62 |
Year: |
2000 |
Keyword(s): |
Animal
Cattle
Female
Genotype
*Hemolysis
Horses
Human
Male
Phenotype
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics
Rabbits
Sheep
Species Specificity
Streptococcus/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity
Swine
Variation (Genetics)
|
Remarks: |
A collection of 297 clinically documented 'Streptococcus milleri' strains, identified to the genotype level by 16S rRNA gene hydridisation, was screened for haemolysis of human and animal red blood cells. Forty-nine strains (65%) of the S. intermedius genotype displayed haemolysis restricted to human blood; they were named 'exclusive human haemolytic' (EHH) S. intermedius strains. The 26 remaining S. intermedius strains were named S. intermedius non-EHH strains. Quantitative studies on the haemolysis indicated that intermedilysin was the factor involved. The S. intermedius EHH strains represented the S. intermedius phenotype, whereas the S. intermedius non-EHH strains were phenotypically characteristic of S. constellatus. The complete 16S rRNA sequences of the S. intermedius EHH strains exhibited identity with S. intermedius strains ATCC 27335 (= NCDO 2227, NCTC 11324); the 16S rRNA sequences of the S. intermedius non-EHH strains were identical to S. constellatus strain ATCC 27823 (= NCDO 2226, NCTC 11325) except for positions 228 and 229 that carried an S. intermedius sequence signature. The 16S sequence similarities between the non-EHH strains and the S. constellatus and the S. intermedius type strains were 99.5% and 98.6%, respectively. Hybridisations of the complete 16S rRNA genes with oligonucleotide probes indicated a 16S rRNA homogeneity within the S. intermedius EHH and the non-EHH strains respectively. The S. intermedius EHH strains were isolated most frequently from infection- and abscess-related specimens. The present data emphasise the genetic variability within the S. constellatus species and redefine the S. intermedius species as a homogeneous group at the 16S rRNA level. |
URL: |
20092448 |
|
Ref #: |
13387 |
Author(s): |
Bentley,R.W.;Leigh,J.A.;Collins,M.D. |
Journal: |
Int J Syst Bacteriol |
Title: |
Intrageneric structure of Streptococcus based on comparative analysis of small-subunit rRNA sequences |
Volume: |
41 |
Page(s): |
487-94 |
Year: |
1992 |
Keyword(s): |
GENBANK/S70322
GENBANK/S70323
GENBANK/S70324
GENBANK/X58301
GENBANK/X58302
GENBANK/X58303
GENBANK/X58304
GENBANK/X58305
GENBANK/X58306
GENBANK/X58307
GENBANK/X58308
GENBANK/X58309
GENBANK/X58310
GENBANK/X58311
GENBANK/X58312
GENBANK/X58313
GENBANK/X58314
GENBANK/X58315
GENBANK/X58316
GENBANK/X58317
GENBANK/X58318
GENBANK/X58319
GENBANK/X58320
GENBANK/X58321
GENBANK/X59028
GENBANK/X59029
GENBANK/X59030
GENBANK/X59031
GENBANK/X59032
GENBANK/X59061
etc.
Base Sequence
DNA, Bacterial
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
RNA, Bacterial/genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Streptococcus/classification/*genetics
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
|
Remarks: |
The partial 16S rRNA sequences of 24 Streptococcus species were determined by reverse transcription. A comparative analysis of these sequences and the sequences of seven previously studied streptococcal species revealed the presence of several clusters within the genus. The clusters obtained from the sequence analysis agreed in general with the groups outlined on the basis of the results of nucleic acid hybridization studies, but there were some exceptions. The pyogenic group was extended to include Streptococcus agalactiae, S. parauberis, S. porcinus, and S. uberis. Four oral groups were discerned; these four groups centered on S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. anginosus, and S. oralis. Some species (e.g., S. suis and S. acidominimus) did not cluster with any particular group. Our findings are discussed in the context of data from other genetic and chemotaxonomic studies. |
URL: |
92075550 |
|
|