| Extended Bibliography: |
Show bibliography
| Ref #: |
95522 |
| Author(s): |
Iizuka,T.;Yamanaka,S.;Nishiyama,T.;Hiraishi,A. |
| Journal: |
J Gen Appl Microbiol |
| Title: |
Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of aerobic copiotrophic ultramicrobacteria from urban soil |
| Volume: |
44 |
| Page(s): |
75-84 |
| Year: |
2002 |
| Remarks: |
Free-living, aerobic, copiotrophic ultramicrobacteria (UMB) that passed through a 0.45 &mgr;m membrane filter and had a cell volume of less than 0.3 &mgr;m(3) were isolated from polluted urban soil by using both the direct plating method and the membrane-filter enrichment technique. The efficiency of recovering UMB from the soil was much higher in the latter method than in the former. All of the UMB isolates grew well with a doubling time of less than 6 h either in a complex nutrient medium or a chemically defined medium. The average cell volumes of the UMB isolates, as measured by scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescent microscopy with an image analysis, ranged from 0.07 to 0.22 &mgr;m(3). The cell size was larger at the exponential phase of growth than at the stationary growth stage in general. Ultrathin-section electron microscopy of representatives of the UMB isolates showed that they had complete cell wall structures like typical Gram-negative or -positive bacteria. Phenotypic studies and phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the UMB isolates were classified into three major groups, the beta and gamma subdivisions of the Proteobacteria and the Actinobacteria (the high G+C DNA group of Gram-positives). However, none of these isolates were assigned to any previously known species. These results demonstrate that free-living, relatively fast-growing, copiotrophic UMB strains undescribed so far are widely distributed in terrestrial environments, including urban soil. |
| URL: |
12501296 |
|
| Ref #: |
95503 |
| Author(s): |
Whitby,P.W.;Carter,K.B.;Burns,J.L.;Royall,J.A.;LiPuma,J.J.;Stull,T.L. |
| Journal: |
J Clin Microbiol |
| Title: |
Identification and detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by rRNA-directed PCR |
| Volume: |
38 |
| Page(s): |
4305-9 |
| Year: |
2001 |
| Keyword(s): |
Cloning, Molecular
Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology
Humans
Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics
Sputum/microbiology
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/genetics/*isolation & purification
|
| Remarks: |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients, in transplant recipients, and in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). While this organism is nonpathogenic in healthy individuals, it is increasingly associated with morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. Recent studies have indicated that for approximately 10% of CF patients with moderate lung disease, S. maltophilia can be cultured from respiratory tract secretions. Identification of S. maltophilia can be problematic, and analysis of isolates from the Burkholderia cepacia Research Laboratory and Repository showed that several isolates presumptively identified as B. cepacia by clinical microbiology laboratories were in fact S. maltophilia. To overcome the problems associated with definitive identification, we developed species-specific PCR (SS-PCR) primers, designated SM1 and SM4, directed to the 23S rRNA gene, and tested their utility to accurately identify S. maltophilia directly from sputum. The SS-PCR was developed and tested against a panel of 112 S. maltophilia isolates collected from diverse geographic locations. To test for specificity, 43 isolates from 17 different species were analyzed. PCR with the SM1-SM4 primer pair and isolated genomic DNA as a template resulted in amplification of a band from all S. maltophilia isolates and was uniformly negative for all other species tested, yielding a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% for the SS-PCR. The utility of the SS-PCR to directly identify S. maltophilia in sputum was examined. Thirteen expectorated sputum samples from CF patients were analyzed by SS-PCR. Three samples were PCR positive, in complete concordance with the conventional laboratory culture. Thus, we have developed an SS-PCR protocol that can rapidly and accurately identify S. maltophilia isolates and which can be used for the direct detection of this organism in CF patient sputum. |
| URL: |
11101555 |
|
| Ref #: |
95466 |
| Author(s): |
Valdezate,S.;Vindel,A.;Echeita,A.;Baquero,F.;Canto,R. |
| Journal: |
Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
| Title: |
Topoisomerase II and IV quinolone resistance-determining regions in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates with different levels of quinolone susceptibility |
| Volume: |
46 |
| Page(s): |
665-71 |
| Year: |
2002 |
| Keyword(s): |
4-Quinolones
Amino Acid Sequence
Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone/pharmacology
DNA Gyrase/genetics
DNA Topoisomerase IV/*genetics
DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/*genetics
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/*microbiology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Molecular Sequence Data
Phenotype
Reserpine/pharmacology
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/*drug effects
Uncoupling Agents/pharmacology
|
| Remarks: |
The quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of topoisomerase II and IV genes from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 were sequenced and compared with the corresponding regions of 32 unrelated S. maltophilia clinical strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs ranged from 0.1 to 64 microg/ml. GyrA (Leu-55 to Gln-155, Escherichia coli numbering), GyrB (Met-391 to Phe-513), ParC (Ile-34 to Arg-124), and ParE (Leu-396 to Leu-567) fragments from strain ATCC 13637 showed high degrees of identity to the corresponding regions from the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa, with the degrees of identity ranging from 85.0 to 93.5%. Lower degrees of identity to the corresponding regions from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.9 to 88.6%) and E. coli (73.0 to 88.6%) were observed. Amino acid changes were present in GyrA fragments from 9 of the 32 strains at positions 70, 85, 90, 103, 112, 113, 119, and 124; but there was no consistent relation to higher ciprofloxacin MICs. The absence of changes at positions 83 and 87, commonly involved in quinolone resistance in gram-negative bacteria, was unexpected. The GyrB sequences were identical in all strains, and only one strain (ciprofloxacin MIC, 16 microg/ml) showed a ParC amino acid change (Ser-80-->Arg). In contrast, a high frequency (16 of 32 strains) of amino acid replacements was present in ParE. The frequencies of alterations at positions 437, 465, 477, and 485 were higher (P < 0.05) in strains from cystic fibrosis patients, but these changes were not linked with high ciprofloxacin MICs. An efflux phenotype, screened by the detection of decreases of at least twofold doubling dilutions of the ciprofloxacin MIC in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (0.5 microg/ml) or reserpine (10 microg/ml), was suspected in seven strains. These results suggest that topoisomerases II and IV may not be the primary targets involved in quinolone resistance in S. maltophilia. |
| URL: |
11850246 |
|
| Ref #: |
13704 |
| Author(s): |
Whitby,P.W.;Carter,K.B.;Burns,J.L.;Royall,J.A.;LiPuma,J.J.;Stull,T.L. |
| Journal: |
J Clin Microbiol |
| Title: |
Identification and detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by rRNA-directed PCR |
| Volume: |
38 |
| Page(s): |
4305-9 |
| Year: |
2001 |
| Keyword(s): |
Cloning, Molecular
Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology
Human
Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics
Sputum/microbiology
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/genetics/*isolation & purification
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
|
| Remarks: |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients, in transplant recipients, and in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). While this organism is nonpathogenic in healthy individuals, it is increasingly associated with morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. Recent studies have indicated that for approximately 10% of CF patients with moderate lung disease, S. maltophilia can be cultured from respiratory tract secretions. Identification of S. maltophilia can be problematic, and analysis of isolates from the Burkholderia cepacia Research Laboratory and Repository showed that several isolates presumptively identified as B. cepacia by clinical microbiology laboratories were in fact S. maltophilia. To overcome the problems associated with definitive identification, we developed species-specific PCR (SS-PCR) primers, designated SM1 and SM4, directed to the 23S rRNA gene, and tested their utility to accurately identify S. maltophilia directly from sputum. The SS-PCR was developed and tested against a panel of 112 S. maltophilia isolates collected from diverse geographic locations. To test for specificity, 43 isolates from 17 different species were analyzed. PCR with the SM1-SM4 primer pair and isolated genomic DNA as a template resulted in amplification of a band from all S. maltophilia isolates and was uniformly negative for all other species tested, yielding a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% for the SS-PCR. The utility of the SS-PCR to directly identify S. maltophilia in sputum was examined. Thirteen expectorated sputum samples from CF patients were analyzed by SS-PCR. Three samples were PCR positive, in complete concordance with the conventional laboratory culture. Thus, we have developed an SS-PCR protocol that can rapidly and accurately identify S. maltophilia isolates and which can be used for the direct detection of this organism in CF patient sputum. |
| URL: |
20553323 |
|
| Ref #: |
171 |
| Author(s): |
Stanier,R.Y.;Palleroni,N.J.;DoudoroffM. |
| Journal: |
J. Gen. Microbiol. |
| Title: |
The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study. |
| Volume: |
43 |
| Page(s): |
159-275 |
| Year: |
1966 |
|
| Ref #: |
1801 |
| Author(s): |
Hugh,R. |
| Journal: |
Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. |
| Title: |
Pseudomonas maltophilia sp. nov. nom. rev. |
| Volume: |
31 |
| Page(s): |
195 |
| Year: |
1981 |
|
| Ref #: |
4029 |
| Author(s): |
Owen,R.J.;Jackman,P.J.H. |
| Journal: |
J. Gen. Microbiol. |
| Title: |
The similarities between Pseudomonas paucimobilis and allied bacteria derived from analysis of DNA and electrophoretic protein patterns. |
| Volume: |
128 |
| Page(s): |
2945-2954 |
| Year: |
1982 |
|
| Ref #: |
4851 |
| Author(s): |
Palleroni,N.J.;Bradbury,J.F. |
| Journal: |
Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. |
| Title: |
Stenotrophomonas, a new bacterial genus for Xanthomonas maltophila (Hugh 1980) Swings et al. 1983. |
| Volume: |
43 |
| Page(s): |
606-609 |
| Year: |
1993 |
|
| Ref #: |
4934 |
| Journal: |
Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. |
| Title: |
Validation of the publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. List No. 47. |
| Volume: |
43 |
| Page(s): |
864-865 |
| Year: |
1993 |
|
| Ref #: |
6924 |
| Author(s): |
DeutschesInstitutfürNormungDIN.NormenausschußMedizin(NAMed) |
| Title: |
DIN 58959-7. Qualitätsmanagement in der medizinischen Mikrobiologie. Teil 7: Allgemeine Anforderungen an das Mitführen von Kontrollstämmen. Beiblatt 2: ATCC- und DSM-Nummern häufig verwendeter Kontrollstämme. |
| Year: |
1997 |
|
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